Ups Between India And India - 1221 Words

UPS had a previous attempt at entering into India. During a period of neglect, they allowed DHL to partner with Blue dart. Together, Blue dart and DHL had three times the market share of the next largest competitor. With a renewed global strategy, UPS is now trying to enter India again but faces competition. India has a lack of infrastructure which makes in hard to streamline the distribution and supply chain.There are some issues with delivering packages to India. There are second mover issues, perception of UPS, a highly regulated economy, and service to rural areas. I think UPS needs to invest in India so they create a positive presence in India. This will allow them to gain market share there Mode of entries are ways that UPS can determine their goals, resources and policy in order to channel their entry into India to a sustainable expansion. There are six modes of entry; exporting, turnkey projects, licensing, franchising, joint venture and subsidiary. For a service company; s trategic alliance, joint venture, franchising and subsidiary are the most suitable mode of entry. For a business to business segment, UPS should consider a strategic alliance mode of entry. A strategic alliance would allow UPS to partner with a company that already owns a proportion of the business. A strategic alliance would allow UPS to enter into India. The beneficial thing about this mode of entry, is that relationships can be formed between competitors. Strategic alliances are non-Show MoreRelatedBritish Imperalism in India Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pages Britain had a desire to have a more economic, political, and social influence over India. Even though the British never preserved a notable military existence in India, they were able to maintain political control. Many changes were made, which benefitted India, but there were also some changes, which contributed to its deterioration. 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The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(59) " it is increasing which consequences in planetary heating\." The paper trades with the construct of a man-made tree called â€Å" ROBOT TREE † . The Robot tree has the possible to absorb C dioxide which is the major cause for the planetary heating. Although methane, azotic oxide, ozone, fluorinated compounds besides account for the planetary heating, C dioxide is the major gas which causes ninety per centum of the planetary heating. We will write a custom essay sample on The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The definition of planetary heating, causes and effects of planetary heating, the solution we propose, how the automaton tree ( man-made tree ) gives a solution to the consequence and the feasibleness of the man-made tree are profoundly discussed in this paper. This paper can move as a guidebook to cognize about the engineering with its seeds and weeds and to acquire the importance of the engineering in the coming hereafter. Introduction: We all know that woods are the hoarded wealths of our Earth. But now, world himself has started to destruct woods -the hoarded wealths of our Earth. By cutting trees, non merely that the rainfall will be reduced, besides the temperature will raise tremendously, which consequences in planetary heating. This causes injury to the whole world. Thus the scientists are giving call to protect forest and salvage world. Research is traveling on sing the issue. In our paper we propose an amazing solution to salvage our Earth from planetary warming.The nursery consequence is being accelerated by releases of certain gases to the ambiance that are doing the Earth ‘s temperature to lift. â€Å" WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING? ? ? Global Warming is defined as the addition of the mean temperature on Earth. As the Earth is acquiring hotter, catastrophes like hurricanes, drouths and inundations are acquiring more frequent. † Over the last 100 old ages, the mean temperature of the air near the EarthA?s surface has risen a little less than 1A ° Celsius ( 0.74 A ± 0.18A °C, or 1.3 A ± 0.32A ° Fahrenheit ) . Does non look all that much? It is responsible for the conspicuous addition in storms, inundations and ramping forest fires we have seen in the last 10 old ages, though, say scientists. A Their informations show that an addition of one grade Celsius makes the Earth heater now than it has been for at least a thousand old ages. Out of the 20 warmest old ages on record, 19 have occurred since 1980. The three hottest old ages of all time observed have all occurred in the last eight old ages, even. 180px-2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison MAIN CAUSES FOR GLOBAL Heating: Carbon dioxide, H2O vapor, azotic oxide, methane and ozone are some of the natural gases doing planetary heating. CARBON DIOXIDE Ninety-three per centum of all emanations Generating power by firing C based fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal, decomposition, accounting for about one one-fourth of all planetary emanations. Methane Twenty times more effectual in pin downing heat in our ambiance 25 times every bit powerful as C dioxide Agricultural activities, landfills. NITROUS OXIDE Agricultural dirt direction, carnal manure direction, sewerage intervention, Mobile and stationary burning of fossil fuel, adipic acid production, and azotic acid production. Ozone Automobile fumes and industrial procedures. HYDROFLURO COMPOUNDS ( HFCs ) . Industrial procedures such as foam production, infrigidation, dry cleansing, chemical fabrication, and semiconducting material fabrication. PERFLURONIATEDCOMPOUNDS ( PFCs ) . Smelting of aluminum Health AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: Greenhouse gas emanations could do a 1.8 to 6.3A ° Fahrenheit rise in temperature during the following century, if atmospheric degrees are non reduced. Produce utmost conditions events, such as drouths and inundations. Threaten coastal resources and wetlands by raising sea degree. Increase the hazard of certain diseases by bring forthing new genteelness sites for plagues and pathogens. Agricultural parts and forests are besides susceptible to alterations in clime that could ensue in increased insect populations and works disease. The debasement of natural ecosystems could take to cut down biological diverseness. WHAT GLOBAL Heating EFFECTS ARE EXPECTED FOR THE FUTURE? To foretell the hereafter planetary heating effects, several nursery gas emanation scenarios were developed and fed into computing machine theoretical accounts. They project for the following century that, without specific policy alterations Global average temperature should increase by between 1.4 and 5.8A °C ( 2.5 to 10A °F ) . The Northern Hemisphere screen should diminish further, but the Antarctic ice sheet should increase. The sea degree should lift by between 9 and 88 centimeter ( 3.5 † to 35 † ) . Other alterations should happen, including an addition in some utmost conditions events. After 2100, human induced planetary heating effects are projected to prevail for many centuries. The sea degree should go on lifting for 1000s of old ages after the clime has been stabilized. We have weather up to 40 degree Celsius now. IMPACTS OF RISE IN MAJOR GREEN HOUSE GAS CO2: In air the C dioxide concentration should be about 330 ppm ( parts per million ) .But due to environmental research workers the C dioxide content will increase as follows, 2025i? 405 to 469 ppm 2050i? 445 to 640 ppm 2100i? 540 to 970 ppm We have weather up to 40 degree Celsius now. It is expected that the conditions will increase in Tamil Nadu as follows. In 2025 i? 0.4 to 1.1 grade Celsius In 2050 i? 0.8 to 2.6 grade Celsius In 2100 i? 1.4 to 5.8 grade Celsius Solution WE PROPOSE: We all know that woods are the hoarded wealths of our Earth. But, adult male started to destruct woods and the scientists are giving call to salvage forest. We all know that forests aid to protect the Earth from planetary heating. By cutting trees, non merely that the rainfall will be reduced, besides the temperature will raise tremendously, which causes injury to the whole world. The research is traveling on all the clip to salvage the world from planetary heating. Now, it has been found that automaton trees will assist to undertake the job of planetary heating. In the air, the C dioxide content should be 330 ppm ( portion per million ) . Day by twenty-four hours it is increasing which consequences in planetary heating. You read "The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" WHAT IS ROBOT TREE? ? ? The scientists are seeking to do automaton to execute assorted activities to cut down the physical and mental work of human being. The combination of nature and automatons is called Robotany. The scientists Jill Coffin, John Taylor and Daniel Bauen are researching on automaton tree. The robot tree does non look like our ordinary tree. The constructions of the root, roots and foliages are present in the automaton tree. Does robot corner aid to work out the job of planetary heating? I have read in a magazine late that the experiment done by the research workers at Madurai Kamaraj University on automaton tree is successful. Hats off to them. It is truly happy intelligence. We have studied in history that the male monarchs of olden yearss had planted trees on both sides of the route. In the same manner we hope that all the roads will hold robot trees on both sides in future to forestall planetary heating and salvage the Earth. It is said that one automaton tree is equal to 1000 natural trees. Each automaton tree looks more like a elephantine fly flyswat so as to stay as guards of world Klaus Lackner, a professor of Geophysicss at Columbia University, is working on an interesting construct: A â€Å" man-made trees † .A The thought is to reproduce the procedure of photosynthesis to gaining control and shop monolithic sums of CO2 gas. About 90,000 dozenss of C dioxide a twelvemonth, approximately the sum emitted yearly by 15,000 autos, could be captured by the construction. Paired with a windmill, the carbon-capture tree would bring forth about 3 megawatts of power, Lackner calculates, doing the operation self-sufficient in energy. synthetic_tree The scientists are seeking to do automaton to execute assorted activities to cut down the physical and mental work of human being. The combination of nature and automatons is called Robotany. The scientists Jill Coffin, John Taylor and Daniel Bauen are presently researching on automaton tree. HOW DOES A ROBOT TREE FUNCTION? ? ? Merely conceive of a normal tree. A normal will hold a root, root and foliages. In the same manner, the automaton tree besides has root, root, subdivision and foliage like normal tree. Some plastic poles are fixed in the root portion and in between solar home bases are fixed which act as foliages. In the large poles little holes are made and little poles are fixed. This will absorb C dioxide in the air. In the interior of large poles there will be calcium hydroxide liquid and the captive C dioxide will be dissolved in it. The solar home bases produce current and base on balls current inside the root, which will divide C and O. Oxygen, H and vapor will come out. The C will move with H2O and go carbonaceous acid. The carbonaceous acid will go through down through automatons and will be absorbed by the dirt Once once more. A study of the signifier and building of A Tree for Anable Basin A new â€Å" air extractor † engineering presented by Klaus Lackner, a professor of Geophysicss at Columbia ‘s Earth Institute, offers something no other C gaining control engineering on the pulling board has. Unlike conventional C gaining control and storage ( besides known as geosequestration ) , which absorbs C02 on-site ( i.e. the flush watercourse of emanations from power workss ) , air extractors absorb C dioxide from any location on the planet. This means that CO2 emanations can be captured from about all large-emitting sources-from stationary mills and power workss to autos and planes in gesture. These man-made trees can â€Å" thrive † in any location. man-made trees A computer-generated image of Lackner ‘s â€Å" man-made trees. † Man-made trees do n’t precisely look like your mean tree with green foliages and roots. Although the design is non finalized, Lackner predicts that the device would look more like a station with Venetian blinds strung across it ; a boxlike extractor raised about 1,000 pess tall, adorned with scaffolding lined with liquid Na hydrated oxide ( normally known as lye ) . When exposed, Na hydrated oxide ( lye ) is an absorbent of CO2. So, as air flows through the Venetian blind â€Å" foliages of the tree † , the Na hydrated oxide will adhere the CO2, sifting out cleansing agent, about 70-90 % less CO2 concentrated air on the other side. Lackner estimates that an country of Na hydrated oxide about the size of a big Television screen ( a 20 inch diagonal ) and a metre in deepness could absorb 20 dozenss of CO2 a twelvemonth. Paired with a windmill, a carbon-capture tree could bring forth about 3 megawatts of power. IS IT FEASIBLE? ? ? The chemical procedure of utilizing Ca or Na hydrated oxide to absorb CO2 has been known for old ages but the inquiry of whether it can be done in an low-cost energy efficient mode has non yet been to the full answered. Constructing and raising the aggregator device is merely 20 % of the cost ; the balance of the cost involves prising the CO2 loose from the absorbent and hive awaying it- an energy intensive procedure. The dorsum of the envelope computation of entire cost supposes 3000 to 5000 rupees per ton captured, which is big as compared to the 1000-2000 rupees per ton on cost that advocates of a C revenue enhancement or cap-and-trade strategy believe will stabilise atmospheric emanations of CO2. It may look like excessively immerse a cost to closely see, but Lackner believes â€Å" it ‘s deserving looking at things that start out even five times excessively expensive â€Å" . DEVELOPING CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ( CCS ) : carbon-capture-and-storage1 Despite common concern that CCS, and therefore air gaining control excessively, will deter our society from traveling to clean energy options. Fossil fuels are non running out anytime shortly, and if we were to turn all of them into C dioxide, we ‘ll hold a clime calamity. We may run out of oil and gas ; you can be disbelieving of that. But we wo n’t run out of coal. We either abandon dodo fuels instantly within the following 50 old ages or figure out a manner to make CCS. â€Å" As we head toward 450, 550, even 750ppm this century, environmental leaders are acquiring serious about C gaining control and storage. A 2005 IPCC study concluded that â€Å" C gaining control and storage â€Å" has the possible to cut down overall extenuation costs and increase flexibleness in cut downing nursery gases † . Existing C gaining control engineering can cut down CO2 emanations from coal-burning or natural-gas power workss by 80 to 90 per centum, estimates the IPCC.energy efficiency and some renewables are cheaper now, but if the clime begins to tip out of control, so C gaining control and storage can supply a planet-saving insurance policy. BASIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITH ROBOT TREE: The reaction of Na hydrated oxide with C dioxide ( as carbonaceous acid ) occurs basically in two stairss, foremost a reaction from carbonaceous acid to bicarbonate and so to carbonate. This is a simple acid-base reaction. CO2 is an acerb anhydrite and NaOH is a base. So reaction gives the salt Na2CO3 and H2O another possible merchandise is the salt Na2CO3 that is produced if a 1:2 ratio of CO2 and NaOH is used. A little per centum of wet nowadays in the absorptive stuff, ( about 3 % ) is of import. CO2 reacts with this wet to organize carbonaceous acid, CO2+H 2O- gt ; H2CO3 Which in bend reacts with the hydrated oxide to organize the salt of carbonaceous acid, or Na carbonate? The soaking up of C dioxide is expressed as follows: The merchandises of reaction are sodium carbonate and H2O. H2CO3 + NaOH – gt ; NaHCO3 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH – gt ; Na2CO3 + H2O DECARBITE: DECARBITEA ® is an engrossing merchandise. This merchandise is sodium hydroxide carried on a silica base. The natural affinity of Na hydrated oxide to acid gasses makes it a desirable stuff to utilize in the soaking up of the acid gas C dioxide. The Na hydrated oxide content in DECARBITEA ® is high, about 90 % , and histories for the aggressive merchandise public presentation and exceeding capacity for soaking up of C dioxide. The Na hydrated oxide content in DECARBITEA ® is high, about 90 % , and histories for the aggressive merchandise public presentation and exceeding capacity for soaking up of C dioxide. The universally recognized Carbon Dioxide absorbent, DECARBITEA ® is a consumable chemical absorbent. It is a specially formulated mixture of Sodium Hydroxide on to an inert silicon oxide bearer supplying a surface country particularly suited for the rapid, high public presentation and entire soaking up of CO2 on contact. Efficiency: For the rapid or high public presentation quantative soaking up of CO2 in the ppm scope DECARBITE is colour indicating, altering from light-green brown to white upon C dioxide impregnation. The soaking up of C dioxide remotion or any acerb gas utilizing DECARBITE is a chemical reaction, non a physical one. Carbon dioxide reacts with the Na hydrated oxide based absorbent and undergoes a complete chemical alteration. This alteration is irreversible ; therefore the absorbent can non be regenerated for reuse. This alteration is clearly perceptible and indicates when exhausted stuff is to be discarded. Occasionally, a status known as channeling can happen when the gas flow finds holes or countries of least opposition and a channel is formed. The gas flow follows these channels through the absorbent get the better ofing the intent of scouring out the C dioxide. DECARBITE eliminates this job in several ways ; the silicon oxide binding to the Na hydrated oxide keeps the atoms from adhering in the presence of wet which is formed as a by-product of the soaking up reaction. It besides aids in forestalling the absorbent to blend into a solid mass barricading gas flow and doing back force per unit area across the soaking up bed. The association reaction of NaOH with CO2 is at least 40 times faster than NaOH + HCl at all heights below the Na bed. Na species will non impact stratospheric ClOx and O3 chemical science. The transition of C dioxide to bicarbonate is complete at pH 8.3.Phenolphthalein can be used as a colour index for the titration. Decision: Energy is truly a topographic point where more engineering is perfectly necessary. About one and half a lakh automaton trees are adequate for sublimating C dioxide in the air for one twelvemonth, about. One automaton tree is said to hold the capacity to absorb 90,000 dozenss of C dioxide every twelvemonth. It is the sum of C dioxide released by 15,000 autos in one twelvemonth. But robot trees will non assist to convey rain. It will protect the Earth from planetary heating. Cost: ( app ) 10 pess robot tree-50,00 200 pess robot tree-5 hundred thousand. The cost of the automaton tree may be high, but the cost of non holding outstanding engineering for planetary heating may be even higher. There are n’t that many big scale beginnings of energy could be tapped at the graduated table the universe needs them. Hydro will ne’er be adequate, and neither will weave. Solar, atomic, and dodo could be adequate, but they all have defects. If we do n’t put large stakes on all three, we could happen ourselves with none of them working, and we ‘ll hold energy crisis of unprecedented proportions. We have studied in history that the male monarchs of olden yearss had planted trees on both sides of the route. In the same manner we hope that all the roads will hold robot trees on both sides to forestall planetary heating and salvage the Earth. It is said that one automaton tree is equal to 1000 natural trees. â€Å" Implement automaton trees Prevent planetary heating, And therefore, Salvage the Earth! ! ! † How to cite The Robot Tree A New Ecofriendly Technology Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Second Red Scare free essay sample

The two Red Scares The Red Scare refers to two distinctions of anti-Communism sentiment in the US, it resulted from the fear of spreading communism during the early and middle 20th century. The First Red Scare occurred during 1919-1920, the Second Red Scare lasted for decades after World War II. According to Fitzpatrick (2009), during the World War I period, the US Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and Rising Justice Department star J. Edgar Hoover began to take on a â€Å"red menace† to radicals, anarchists and Bolsheviks, and by 1920, they had arrested up to 10,000 alleged subversives. The American fears of the Communist world seemed to be endless in the 20s century, the tensions between the two main powers also kept highly tight all the way. When time went to the post-WWII era, a newly hysteric period came together. With the reorganization of Western power and through various issues like Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, the Korean War, HUAC and McCarthyism, the post-war world more seemed like an peaceful underway battle, between the two super powers: the United States and the Soviet Union. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Red Scare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the Cold War time, scholars’ opinions on the Cold War and general Red Scare had changed a lot, which can be roughly divided into 3 different stages. At the offset scholars tended to believe that America’s involvement in the armament competition and con? ict was imposed by Communist pressure generated by Soviet Union and other Communist force in the world. In the middle stage, scholars began to change their mind and to believe that all the things the US did is to display its power other than anything else. When stepping into the 1990s and 21th century, academic views became more rational to rethink that the Red Scare and Cold War could not only be owed to each of the US or SU, it’s more complicated than what people thought before, both of them were to some extent drifted into the Cold War under a large scale international diplomatic tension. The essay will focus on the discussion and research over the Second Red Scare in order to ? nd out that the Red Scare couldn’t be avoided in fact, and the measures America had taken were understandable. 2. Conferences Related Even before the end of World War II, the United States and Soviet Union had some fundamental differences already. Some think that the contradictions were sided into two major visions on post-war world. One symbolized the position of Americans, that is to rebuild and organize a new world which needs to be arbitrated by a speci? c international organization. The other, however, represented the position of Soviet Union and somehow Great Britain, it seemed that they prefer a much more vaguer structure which is similar to the tradition European balance of power compared to the one America supported. Brinkley, 2010) The fact is that Tehran Conference held in November 1943 was a big success over the opinion of reorder and rearrangement on territories conquered by Soviet Union, nevertheless, some important issues were hung, especially the question of Poland, which was kept unresolved when the conference had ended. Then it came the Yalta Conference in February 1945 and the ? nal one in Potsdam. According to Ghere (2010), the last two conferences were the virtual panels where previous disputes and competitions reemerged among the Big Three leaders. And there always existed the potential crisis that the Grand Alliance â€Å"resulted not from a natural affinity or shared world view, but from their mutual antipathy for the Axis powers†. (Ghere, 2010). In the Yalta Conference, disagreement remained about the postwar Polish government. While Stalin had already installed a pro-communist government in Poland, he reluctantly accepted to build a regime based on the free and democratic elections. But it turned out to be a delay for more than forty years. Apart from the Poland issue, the Germany issue also hung with disagreements.

Research Proposal on KFC Essay Example

Research Proposal on KFC Essay Kentucky Fried Chicken is the American chain of the fast food restaurants which offer fried chicken as the main meal. KFC was founded long ago at the beginning of the Great Depression and it was one of the first fast food restaurants which offer high-quality tasty food. With the run of time a great number of restaurants have been opened in North America but today the company has its restaurants nearly all over the world. There are thousands of KFC fast food restaurants in Europe and Asia, but their greatest concentration is in China. Although the company is American, it does not mean, that all chickens are provided from the USA to every corner of the world. Every fast food restaurant buys chickens at the local farms to make sure their production is always fresh. Nevertheless, there have been several cases connected with the poor quality of KFC food, which caused certain diseases and cost much for the company, but it is obvious that every company of the sphere of food experiences such unpleasant situations and one can not judge about the quality of the whole production on the single negative case. Every student who plans to be a successful businessman in future has to learn about the success and development of the world famous companies of different kind. Writing a research proposal on KFC one will have to read a lot about the origin of the company, its history, factors which made it possible to develop the chain of restaurants effectively. Moreover, one should think over what qualities the founder possessed to found his business during the difficult period of the Great Depression. When a student researches everything essential for the analysis, he will be able to judge facts critically and make wise conclusions. Moreover, if a student manages to offer something new connected with the topic, for example, some alternative method of the analysis of its success, he has to complete a convincing research proposal, which will persuade the professor that the topic is worth research. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on KFC specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on KFC specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on KFC specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A well-organized paper should be carefully-formatted, properly composed and contain only reliable facts. Moreover, the information should be presented logically and the paper should not contain odd and unnecessary data. Evidently, most of student will manage to complete a successful research proposal which will meet all the requirements themselves, so they need good help of the expert. In the Internet students can easily find free example research proposals on KFC, which will be good models for writing. Every student who wants to see how to compose the paper correctly, format it and persuade the professor that the topic is worth attention, he will need to take advantage of a good free sample research proposal on KFC in the web. *** ATTENTION! Free sample research proposals and research paper examples on KFC are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on KFC topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Free Essays on Nature Of International Law

INTERNATIONAL LAW QUESTION: Is international law â€Å"law†? Definition of Law Law is defined differently by different schools of thoughts. Some attribute more importance to one element of law than the other elements. For example positivists define law as a command of state that is backed by the state's enforcement power. They are in the opinion that without the power of enforcement, no system of rules can be regarded as a system of law. Although different definitions law exist, it in general terms, can be described as the body of rules, whether proceeding from formal enactment or from custom, which a particular state or community recognizes as binding on its members or subjects. Internatioanal law is defined as a set of rules and principles created between states ans instutional subjects of internatioanal law such as the UN, either for their own purposes or as a means of facilitating the functions of organisations of which they are memberes. There are clear differences between international and national law. National law has a supreme authority, and based on principles of command, obedience and enforcement. There are law making, law determining and law enforcement agencies. However, International law lacks a supreme authority. States are legally equals. It is based on consent and reciprocity. There is not any enforcement institution. The nature of international law The creation of public international law relies on negotiation and ratification of formal treaties and conventions, and on the formation of custom. Customary international law arises through the â€Å"general practice† of states’ legally relevant actions resulting in stable expectations, and ultimately in rules widely believed by states to be legal requirements. This is to be contrasted with international law arising from treaties or other formal legal arrangements, which are negotiated by states, and must be signed and ratified in order to be ... Free Essays on Nature Of International Law Free Essays on Nature Of International Law INTERNATIONAL LAW QUESTION: Is international law â€Å"law†? Definition of Law Law is defined differently by different schools of thoughts. Some attribute more importance to one element of law than the other elements. For example positivists define law as a command of state that is backed by the state's enforcement power. They are in the opinion that without the power of enforcement, no system of rules can be regarded as a system of law. Although different definitions law exist, it in general terms, can be described as the body of rules, whether proceeding from formal enactment or from custom, which a particular state or community recognizes as binding on its members or subjects. Internatioanal law is defined as a set of rules and principles created between states ans instutional subjects of internatioanal law such as the UN, either for their own purposes or as a means of facilitating the functions of organisations of which they are memberes. There are clear differences between international and national law. National law has a supreme authority, and based on principles of command, obedience and enforcement. There are law making, law determining and law enforcement agencies. However, International law lacks a supreme authority. States are legally equals. It is based on consent and reciprocity. There is not any enforcement institution. The nature of international law The creation of public international law relies on negotiation and ratification of formal treaties and conventions, and on the formation of custom. Customary international law arises through the â€Å"general practice† of states’ legally relevant actions resulting in stable expectations, and ultimately in rules widely believed by states to be legal requirements. This is to be contrasted with international law arising from treaties or other formal legal arrangements, which are negotiated by states, and must be signed and ratified in order to be ...

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear When selecting winter wear, our concerns usually are about how warm a piece of garment is, how expensive it is, and let’s face it, whether it is fashionable. Another factor should be part of our decision-making: how green is the insulation? There are many types of insulation materials, each with a different environmental footprint. There is no single material which can clearly be deemed most environmentally friendly, but here is some information about insulation material sustainability which will hopefully help you make the right decision for you. Sustainable and Ethical Down? Insulation down is made from the small fluffy feathers found underneath a bird’s quilled feathers. Down’s role is one of, no surprise, insulation. Down is particularly sought after as it has a very advantageous warmth to weight ratio and it maintains its loft, trapping warm air close to the body even after years of use. Down is usually obtained from the breast of geese and ducks after they have been slaughtered for food. However, there is evidence of some eastern European and Asian farms harvesting breast down feathers directly from live ducks, which then regrow the feathers. This inhumane method is painful to the bird, and many garment companies are trying to distance themselves from those live-plucking practices. Some large outdoor clothing manufacturers have established sustainable sourcing practices to ensure their down is produced ethically. For example, outdoor clothing giant The North Face is expecting that by the end of 2016 all of the down it uses will be obtained ethically through their in-house Responsible Down Standard certification. Outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia has a similar program called Traceable Down which sources down from farms where the waterfowl are not live-plucked. Patagonia also offers jackets and vests made with recycled down obtained from used comforters and pillows. The feathers are sorted, washed, and dried at high temperature before it is sewn into new products. Goose and duck down is a product with great insulation properties, but the very lightest and warmest down is grown by a sea duck found in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: the common eider. Eider down is obtained from wild birds, but not the usually way by plucking it directly from the duck. The eiders use their own down to line their nest, and trained harvesters visit nesting colonies where they pick up a portion of the down feathers found in each nest. This sustainable practice has no negative effects on the eiders’ nesting success, but it yields only about 44 grams of down on average per nest, and much less once it’s sorted and cleaned. Eider down is of course very expensive and is used mostly in high-priced comforters and luxury clothes. Wool Wool is a product with excellent insulation qualities, as it remains warm when wet. It has been used for centuries, and while its popularity declined after the development of synthetic products, wool is making a comeback in outdoor apparel and fashion wear. Merino wool in particular is sought after for its softness and wicking properties. A sustainability certification program, named ZQ, exists for wool from New Zealand Merino sheep. By definition wool is a renewable resource, but in reality the sustainability of wool is as good as the farming practices used to raise the sheep. Pastured sheep efficiently convert energy from grass with relatively little greenhouse gas emissions as compared to cattle. In more arid regions, overgrazed rangeland is often an unfortunate sight. Farmers markets can present a good opportunity to get to know sheep farmers and their practices. The markets are also a good place to meet farmers who raise alpaca, a relative of the llama known for its high quality wool. A Synthetic Solution? While synthetic insulation is not quite as warm as down, it has the significant advantage of not holding water and not losing its insulation value when wet. Unfortunately, synthetic insulation is made from oil byproducts in a process releasing significant greenhouse gases. To get around that, the main synthetic insulation makers offer versions of their products made, partly or wholly, of recycled materials. For example, PrimaLoft and Thinsulate offer recycled alternatives, and Patagonia produces fleece fabric spun from PET plastic (#1) recycled from soda bottles. Â   Unfortunately there is increasing evidence that polyester, which makes up most of the fibers used in synthetic insulation, has a water pollution problem. Every time a polyester garment is washed, tiny fibers get detached and washed down the drain. The fibers will not decompose the way cotton or wool would. Instead, polyester fibers are being found in bodies of water all over the world. There, the fibers contribute to the global microplastics pollution problem: persistent organic pollutants stick to the fibers’ surface, and aquatic microorganisms then suffer from ingesting them. Milkweed Yes, milkweed! Asclepias has long been known for its insulation properties, and has been used as a hypoallergenic pillow fill. Figuring out how to use it for clothing insulation has proven elusive until recently when a Canadian company developed a lightweight, effective-when-wet, very warm woven fabric made from milkweed. For now, it comes in limited applications and at a steep price, but as a bonus the commercially grown plant is only harvested after it has served as food for the monarch butterfly larvae. Make It Last! The most environmentally sustainable insulated garment is the one you don’t buy, so make the clothes you own last a long time. Knowing how to make basic repairs, like replacing a zipper or mending a tear, can stretch the functional life of a jacket for several more years. Purchasing quality clothing well-constructed by a reputable manufacturer in the first place pays off in the end, as it will likely last much longer than discount brands or cheap knock-off products.

Is political art possible In your response, concentrate on three works Essay

Is political art possible In your response, concentrate on three works with political claims and objectives - Essay Example Particularly when the artist chooses to depict recognizable subjects, future generations of viewers are able to glean some sense of how the people lived by thoroughly examining changes in depictions from one generation of artists to another, watching for deliberate misrepresentation of images and juxtaposition of elements, all of which can provide clues as to the underlying social and political structures of the era. Attempts to understand these deeper elements of art can be improved by coming to a greater understanding of literature, whose expression is closely connected to the concepts underlying artistic practices. Social theorists and academics commonly look to literature as a means of achieving greater understanding of events such as massive cultural shifts like that experienced during the post-war period and cultural hybridity. Because these concepts are difficult to define or explain, literature offers the necessary examples and analogies which bridge gaps in understanding and pose new questions to be watched for in the artworks produced. The idea of cultural hybridity has taken on great significance since the mid-20th century as social and cultural shifts prompted by globalization have had increasing impact on our world. Although commonly employed to refer to the effects of pre-war colonialism, in which a technologically dominant society overpowers a less developed nation, the concepts that have emerged from studies into cultural hybridity have taken on new significance in light of globalization and transnationalism as the artist attempts to depict the mood of an entire nation. The concepts and aftereffects of colonialism became a subject of great consideration during the postwar period particularly within the academic world and have recently, within the past few decades, become the focus of a number of political artworks and artists. â€Å"Colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another† (Kohn). O riginally, colonialism was thought to apply only to the specific action of moving people from a dominant territory, like England, to a new territory, like Africa, for permanent purposes. This type of relocation effort is also commonly characterized by the expectation that those relocated individuals will continue to cling to their home rule standards of living even within the bounds of the new location. In other words, settlers were expected to adhere to their former modes of dress, behavior styles and observe the cultural standards of their original home country rather than attempt to in with or adopt the standards of the people already living in the area. Regardless of their status in the home country, these settlers were given the impression that it was their task to convince the local people to change their ‘heathen’ or ‘uncivilized’ ways so they might come into compliance with the colonizing culture’s ideals and thus be able to compete on the 'h igher' or 'better' level. Although there were reasons why this deliberate attempt to replace entire cultures was considered justifiable, the attempt was also perhaps unavoidable. The practice of colonization was considered to be important to the global community because â€Å"a temporary period of political dependence or tutelage was necessary in order for ‘uncivilized’ societies to advance to the point where they were capable of sustaining liberal institutions and self-government†

Antibiotic sensitivity Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antibiotic sensitivity - Lab Report Example The third section contains the results generated from the lab report while the fourth section contains the discussions of the results generated herein. The last section has the conclusion on the overall matters discussed I the entire paper Antibiotic sensitivity is also referred to as the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria to a given antibiotics. Susceptibility tests are conducted, in laboratories, to investigate which antibiotics would be suitable for treating a bacterial infection in question (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2002; Lalitha, Manayani, Priya, Jesudason, Thomas, & Steinhoff, 1997). Various methods have been developed by scientists to help in testing for sensitivity/ susceptibility of bacteria to a given antibiotic. These methods include the CDS method (Murray, 1990), the Stokes method (Hiramatsu, Hanaki, Ino, Yabuta, Oguri, & Tenover, 1997), the E- test method (Lalitha, Manayani, Priya, Jesudason, Thomas, & Steinhoff, 1997), and Agar and Broth method (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002) among others. These methods can be categorized as quantitative methods (Hamilton-Miller & Shah, 2000), qualitative methods (Tait-Kamradt, Davies, Appelbaum, Depardieu, Courvalin, & al., 2000), automated susceptibility tests (Malbruny, Werno, Anderson, Murdoch, & Leclercq., 2004), newer non- automated susceptibility tests (Chu, Afzah-Shah, Huang, Palepou, & Lyon, 2001), and the molecular tests (Kirby, Sader, Walsh, & Jones, 2004). Each of the listed tests above is applicable in either of the two cases of bacterial resistance. Bacteria exhibit two kinds of resistance to antibiotics; these are the intrinsic resistance and the acquired resistance. Intrinsic resistance is a condition whereby the bacteria are naturally resistant to a given antibiotic even before its use. Acquired resistance, on the other hand, is acquired by

Finchley Central Essay Example for Free

Finchley Central Essay There is a selection of good transport links available in Finchley Central. The evidence of this point is shown in [Graph 7], which shows West Finchley census data; on the mode of transport people use to travel to work. The most common form of transport is the underground, which can mean that there can be many potential customers from the underground station as a lot of employed people would be leaving the station to go home in Finchley Central; thus meaning that they could stop off at Coffee Republic to get a beverage. This can mean locating near to the train station, customers can be targeted strategically. Furthermore, Coffee Republic is able to promote their products through advertising at these train stations and bus stops, so they are able to gain passing trade in the form of people exiting the train station, going home in Finchley Central. Also, transportation links could result in Coffee Republics suppliers may not be able to deliver goods efficiently. This demonstrates the idea of a sound business decision to locate here due to the amount of prospective customers they can gain, and the amount of transport links that can cause deliveries to be made on time. Another argument for, is the fact that Finchley Central has a large working population; 71% of all residents in Finchley Central, are in someway economically active [Table 5]. 18% of which are in Class A, of the socio-economic classification, which shows that they are in high paid jobs such as lawyers, judges etc. Also, the majority of the population are in Class B, so they would also be earning a relatively high amount of income, they would usually be in jobs such as teachers, solicitors etc, [Table 6]. This can mean that a lot of the population in Finchley Central would have a lot of disposable income to spend on the luxury products that Coffee Republic offer. However, a counter-argument for this point is that a large population can in fact lead to a shortage of labour, which can mean that when looking for staff, they may need to resort to looking at local schools and colleges to find staff, as they can hire minors like these, for cheap wages to work part-time. But, this doesnt necessarily mean that these workers will be skilled, so on-the-job training will need to be provided, which will then increase business costs. However, it can mean that staff can gain skills over time, which means that operations on the shop floor can be more efficient. Opportunities:- An argument for, to do with an opportunity is the fact that a joint venture can be done be done with Tesco, so that both businesses can win. A deal can be done between both businesses, as the probable locations where this Coffee Republic can locate are within the vicinity of Tesco. The proposed deal can be that if a customer shows Coffee Republic a Tesco receipt on the same day, it means that the customer can get half price off coffee, this way both businesses can win, as both can get trade from customers. From my data, the majority of people in Finchley Central are willing to pay [Graph 3], this means that people do not necessarily want an extremely high price or low price for their coffee, this amount is a very respectable amount, and if this venture is completed, it will mean customers will pay 75-99p. This seems like a low amount, but this sales promotion will attract a lot of customers, so there is likely to be a rise in sales and ultimately, a profit. This illustrates the idea of a sound business decision as both businesses earn customers, and will help to increase the popularity for both firms and could earn Coffee Republic a profit. A final opportunity and argument for, is the fact that competition can be eliminated easily due to Coffee Republics reputable name. According to my data [Graph 4], the most popular coffee shop that people prefer a Costa shop, followed by a local. However, there are no large competitors in the area such as Costa [data from upmystreet], there are only small scale competitors, mainly local cafs. However the data from peoples feedback shows that people like the local caf, so people may not want to buy from a branded franchise like Coffee Republic. But, this may not be the case, as Coffee Republic is likely to eliminate such small scale competition, due to its reputable name, so it will attract many customers that would go to the local cafs. This would then increase Coffee Republics sales and as competition gets wiped out, market share will increase. This indicates the idea of a sound business decision, as Coffee Republic is almost guaranteed to get a lot of customers, as the affluent are a of Finchley Central doesnt have a proper coffee shop; its an untapped market, which will mean that it will be easy to wipe out any probable competition. Arguments against locating in Finchley Central:-Â  Weaknesses:Â  An argument against, which is a weakness, is the fact that the credit crunch has cut peoples spending on indulgences such as what Coffee Republic has to offer. This is best reflected in the interview which I conducted, [refer to interview], where a owner gave us his first hand view of what has happened to its sales in this economic dilemma. The owner stated that recently, maybe as a result of the credit crunch, its very quiet. Instead of buying two cups of coffee with a snack or meal they are buying a single. This shows that the credit crunch may have hit hard on the Finchley Central population, as the owner stated that its much quieter since the credit crunch has happened. A counter-argument which can solve this issue is something that another big branded coffee franchise has initiated. Starbucks has issued free refills on their coffee due to the credit crunch. This could be something that Coffee Republic can initiate if they want to beat the credit crunch, and retain their customers. This would not be a sound business decision, as the people who are affected by the credit crunch may not want to pay the high price for the quality products that Coffee Republic provide, so they may not have as many customers as they would want. Recommendation:- Finchley Central is a well off area brimming with a lot of potential and in my opinion, a sound business decision to set up a new Coffee Republic franchise there. It is an area with a very affluent community and has great transport links making the accessibility high; because it is close to the motorways, it can ensure that efficient deliveries are made. Taking into account all the research which I have done, I would conclude that Finchley Central is a very good location to set up a Coffee Republic, however there are many potential exact locations where it can be set up in Finchley Central. A potential site for a new Coffee Republic would be inside Tescos. Tescos is one of the most leading supermarkets in the UK; they have a large customer base ranging between all ages. By locating inside the Tesco store, the two businesses can undergo a joint venture, which I already have mentioned in my evaluation; show Coffee Republic a Tescos receipt and get half price off a standard cup of coffee. If a Coffee Republic were to open in Tescos it is likely that people would buy Coffee whilst shopping or after shopping. However, the initial costs for opening up the new franchise in Tescos will be considerably more than if it opened up elsewhere. Also, placing a Coffee Republic inside the UKs leading supermarket would cost a lot. Tescos may have to negotiate a fair share of the profits made by Coffee Republic. By looking at my secondary data from the West Finchley Census, I can see that the majority of residents in Finchley Central, travel to work using the underground [Graph 7]. Consequently, the location of a Coffee Republic inside Finchley Central underground tube station could be a sound business idea. By locating in the station, there is a possibility of applying for a government grant. Due to the credit crunch and economic downturn, creating jobs is something that the government would want big companies like Coffee Republic to do; this would increase the chance of Coffee Republic getting a grant. On the other hand, by locating inside the tube station, Coffee Republic would be narrowing down their potential market, as it may not be seen inside the tube station; they wouldnt have a lot of scope for customers. But a counter-argument for this is that, hundreds of people use the underground each day, so its likely that Coffee Republic may pick up some customers, as commuters enter and exit the tube station. The final option is to locate on Station Road which is close to Finchley Central station. In my opinion this where Coffee Republic should locate. The site at the moment is vacant and is situated close to potential customers such as offices, banks etc. The advantage of locating on Station Road is that it is of substantial size. If opened up on Station Road, they wouldnt have to pay money to other company, if they want to lease the building; it also has a large potential customer base. However, it may be more expensive setting up the new franchise on Station Road as opposed to inside the station or in Tescos. This is because this a hotspot as it is situated near to the main road, so there could be potential competition between firms for that spot. Nonetheless, I think that Coffee Republic should locate here due to the potential customer base, probability of joint ventures, and the size of the site.

The Holy Virgin Mary :: essays research papers

What a sensation was made about the Sensation exhibition in the Brooklyn Museum of Art. The focus of Mayor Giuliani’s outcry was the piece â€Å"The Holy Virgin Mary† by Chris Ofili. Funny, he didn’t give attention to some of the other outrageous works including the pubescent female mannequins studded with erect penises, vaginas, and anuses, fused together in various postures of sexual coupling, or the portrait of a child molester and murder made from what appears like child hand prints or bisected animals in plexiglass tanks full of formaldehyde. Would it ever have made headlines with a different title, like â€Å"Afro-lady†? I don’t think so. I guess targeting religion gets a little too personal. Giuliani said, â€Å"You don’t have the right to government subsidy for desecrating somebody else’s religion. If you are a government-subsidized enterprise, then you can’t do things that desecrate the most personal and deeply held vi ews of people in society.† You would think that the government paid these artists, right? It turns out that the show consisted of Charles Saatchi’s privately owned collection VIEWED in a public museum. So what does that mean to you? Well, when I found out that tidbit of information, it didn’t seem so offensive anymore. Taxpayers didn’t pay these young British artists to create controversial pieces. Taxpayers fund the museum itself to stay open. Museums have a variety of exhibitions all year. What is wrong with having one displaying a private collection? This is a common thing with museums. Otherwise, how would the public ever get to view extensive artistic compilations of the wealthy? Some collections are beautiful, others perturbing. But, who draws this line? Who gets to decide? The individual. If you do not want to submit your eyes to horrendous, offensive creations, then don’t! It’s interesting to note what happened to the art world after Duchamp revolutionized art into meaninglessness. Artists seem to be exempt from the moral laws that are binding to ordinary people. Everything is O.K. under art’s magic umbrella: rotting corpses with snails crawling over them, kicking little girls in the head, rape and murder recreations, women defecating. Where does it stop? What is art and what is porn? What is art and what is disgusting? Where is the line? There isn’t one anymore. The effect of Duchamp’s pranks was to point out that anything could be art. All it took was getting people to agree to call something art.

Media Communications Feedback Essay

Well, after a careful review of your plan, I noted the following issues. You need to address them before implementing the plan. The target population of your message is predominantly African-American women aged 20-49. The statistics you are using do not include other groups who could be a contributing factor to the high levels of infections and deaths. For instance, what are the figures for infected males in the community? For you to achieve better results, you should consider including men in your campaign. At the same time, you did not identify the major causes of infection. Why, for instance, are other groups not affected? If the causes are related to socio-economic and cultural factors such as poverty and unemployment, then your goal would be to pressure service providers such as as Non-Governmental organizations and the government to address those issues. The age difference of your target group means that members could have different interests. Therefore, you should have specified different programs that appeals to each age group. The T. V and radio stations you chose appeals mostly to the youth; what about those aged over forty? Similarly, the presenters you have in mind are not appropriate for this particular campaign. You need role models who could be a good example to the audience. In this regard, it is useful to involve community members who know how to relate with your target group (Galea et al, 2002, 297). Therefore, look for somebody who has been involved before in community projects, and not music celebrities: this category of people may have negative influences due to their lifestyles. Your slogan will not achieve the desired behavioral changes. Texting and talking about HIV/Aids helps in networking: however, you need an approach that will change their lifestyles, such as through participation in education seminars. Your challenge, therefore, is to â€Å"market changes in behavior by using strategic communication† (Siegel and Doner, 2004, 42). How will you determine if you are achieving your goals? The Academy for Educational Development identifies evaluation as one aspect of determining whether stated goals are being realized (AED, 2010). Thus, you should identify the instruments you will use to assess whether your target group is responding positively to the program. Consider conducting a survey after three months to collect data about their sexual activities. Lastly, I think you should conduct a primary research yourself before taking action. The data you got from the surveillance report should act as secondary information to guide your own research. In fact, a primary research is necessary when planning to implement any project. Nevertheless, your overall plan identifies a marginalized group that requires help. However, to achieve the best results, have the best plan. Success. References Academy for Educational Development. (2007). Health Communication Partnership. Accessed May, 08, 2010 < http://www. globalhealthcommunication. org/projects/health_communication_partnership Doner M. , Siegel L. (2004). Marketing public health: strategies to promote social change. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning’ Galea, S. , et al. (2002). Access to resources for substance users in Harlem, New York City: Service provider and client perspectives. Journal for Health Education and Behavior. New York: Society for Public Health Education

Intrinsic Motivation and Team Communication Essay

The greatest concern of the companies after recession is how to bring out the best in the employees with less funds and poor market response. Since the market is demanding more for less, companies are now forced to sell products at reduced margins. This state of affairs shows that the proverbial employee engagement policy through extrinsic rewards cannot be implemented under such situation. Moreover, the sales graph is getting down on one hand, while the competition is getting stiffer. Therefore, the best (and perhaps only) option lying before the companies is to adopt the intrinsic motivation policy, which does not involve monetary reward. However, it is always tough to break away from the convention, since the application of extrinsic rewards to engage the employees has become commonplace. Yet there is hope, if the findings of the researchers regarding the mechanism of motivation have anything to go by. The Guiding Light Even in 1985, researchers like Deci and Ryan (1985) used attribution theory and suggested that humans constantly reassess the reasons for their behavior besides others. Before that, Lepper et al. (1973) had observed that extrinsic reward (money) acts as a tool for reinforcement, which actually generates two effects for the management, like gaining control over activity or fastening the process, and two, the backlash effect in absence of reinforcement. The example below would explain it better: A group or an individual gets a reward of x amount of money for a period y, where x+y=m, m being the increased rate of production. Before that, the situation was y=z where production was z. Now in the absence of reinforcement and with the influence of attribution theory, the situation would stand like y-x = n, where n < z. This clearly goes against the basic reason for motivating the employees, i. e. , to enhance the profit of the organization. This also shows that something is missing, which could have played catalyst in between, and that something is ‘love for work’. The modern researchers have picked up the issue right from here. â€Å"Engagement occurs when an employee connects emotionally with his work,† says Paul Glen (2007), thereby underpinning the efficacy of intrinsic reward in employee engagement, since it aims to emotionally engage the workers. The Solution Yet it is tough to overtly implement intrinsic reward policy by issuing heaps of â€Å"well-done† certificates, as the employees may not adapt to this sudden shift of reward policy, especially when even a penny counts after recession. It is where the strategy of fostering team communication can come in handy, which is also backed by â€Å"Expectancy Value Theory† of Martin Fishbein (Expectancy, 2004), where he observed that â€Å"people mold themselves to the world in accordance with their expectations/beliefs and evaluations. † An effective team communication does that much-needed job – it converts the employee expectation from personal gain to team-gain, and team-gain becomes possible only when the individual worker meets the expectation of other team-members. This process manifests through both intra-team communication and inter-team communication, which generates high-degree of intrinsic motivation among team members that automatically creates an emotional bondage with their work. Consequently, members of the team become aware of the roles of each member and try to finish individual assignments in time to meet the expectation of the team members. Upon doing so, they enjoy job satisfaction on many accounts – as fulfilling a team of colleagues’ expectation raises the level of mutual trust, self-confidence and individual relationship. These are the elements of intrinsic motivation, which rules over money. And what comes out as the by-product? Company benefit, of course! References Expectancy Value Theory. (2004). Web document. Retrieved July 7, 2009, from http://www. tcw. utwente. nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Public%20Rela tions%2C%20Advertising%2C%20Marketing%20and%20Consumer%20Behavio r/Expectancy_Value_Theory. doc/ Glen, P. (2007). You can’t outsource retention. Computerworld, July 16, 2007.

Free Essays on Kant Ethics

INTRODUCTION: In this paper I will attempt to overview Kantian Ethics and by doing so explain why I believe that Knat’s theories are best suited for making business decisions. 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) presents a criterion of moral obligation, which he calls the categorical imperative. Kant’s account of morality fits squarely into the deontological (Deontology is the study of duty) tradition. Kant’s writings indicate that he was aware of the moral traditions that went before him, such as virtue theory which bases morality on good character traits, and consequential accounts which base morality solely on the consequences of actions. In all of his ethical writings, Kant rejects these traditional theories of morality and argues instead that moral actions are based on a â€Å"supreme principle of morality† which is objective, rational, and freely chosen: the categorical imperative. Kant’s Ethics: Kant is the primary proponent in history of deontological ethics. On Kant’s view, the sole feature that gives an action moral worth is not the outcome that is achieved by the action, but the motive that is behind the action. The categorical imperative is Kant’s famous statement of this duty: â€Å"Act only according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† The good will, Kant says, is the faculty of acting according to a conception of law. When we act, whether or not we achieve what we intend with our actions is often beyond our control, so the morality of our actions does not depend upon their outcome. What we can control is the will behind the action. Therefore the morality of an action must be assessed in terms of the motivation behind it. A shopkeeper, Kant says, might do what is in accord with duty, and not overcharge a child. Kant argues, â€Å"It is not sufficient to do that which should be morally good that it conform... Free Essays on Kant Ethics Free Essays on Kant Ethics INTRODUCTION: In this paper I will attempt to overview Kantian Ethics and by doing so explain why I believe that Knat’s theories are best suited for making business decisions. 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) presents a criterion of moral obligation, which he calls the categorical imperative. Kant’s account of morality fits squarely into the deontological (Deontology is the study of duty) tradition. Kant’s writings indicate that he was aware of the moral traditions that went before him, such as virtue theory which bases morality on good character traits, and consequential accounts which base morality solely on the consequences of actions. In all of his ethical writings, Kant rejects these traditional theories of morality and argues instead that moral actions are based on a â€Å"supreme principle of morality† which is objective, rational, and freely chosen: the categorical imperative. Kant’s Ethics: Kant is the primary proponent in history of deontological ethics. On Kant’s view, the sole feature that gives an action moral worth is not the outcome that is achieved by the action, but the motive that is behind the action. The categorical imperative is Kant’s famous statement of this duty: â€Å"Act only according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† The good will, Kant says, is the faculty of acting according to a conception of law. When we act, whether or not we achieve what we intend with our actions is often beyond our control, so the morality of our actions does not depend upon their outcome. What we can control is the will behind the action. Therefore the morality of an action must be assessed in terms of the motivation behind it. A shopkeeper, Kant says, might do what is in accord with duty, and not overcharge a child. Kant argues, â€Å"It is not sufficient to do that which should be morally good that it conform...

Philosophy Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy Ethics - Essay Example Somehow, some acts are universally taken as condemnable, and people collectively abhor the corrupt behavior, and look down the people observing the same. I came across the moral corruption of some people belonging to the Middle East, where they secretly practice same sex relationships without displaying slightest tolerance for it publicly. Being one of the most religious regions of the entire globe, the Middle East maintains the reputation of the area f the fundamentalists, due to the very fact that the followers of three major faiths including Jews, Christians and Muslims reside there. The teachings of all these faiths vehemently condemn homosexuality, as it is completely prohibited according to these faiths. The Middle East states have introduced severe punishments and penalties on finding homosexual acts, and even announce capital punishment to the offenders. During my stay in Kuwait, I came to know the very reality that the Kuwaitis have imposed strict rules related to veil for women. Consequently, mixing of genders at public or private gatherings and functions are not allowed. Even the families of native people do not develop family terms and relationships between themselves. They pretend to be chaste and pious, which do not enter into social contacts with women, and thus sexual relations with them and adultery has no concern with their culture. They criticize the western societies for practicing adultery and fornication at massive scale, and thus have completely ignored the moral values and ethics from their very life. They blame the Europeans for introducing very favorable rules and laws to the people in respect of getting involved into immoral extra marital activities, which do not have any association with the Christian faith. The Arabs also maintain serious reservations about gay rights prevailing in the USA, Europe and other

The Emergence of Industry Clusters. Theory & Evidence Essay

The Emergence of Industry Clusters. Theory & Evidence - Essay Example According to the researchers, an industry cluster may be defined as a geographical adjacent group of interrelated industrial firms and connected institutions which is linked by unity and harmony. In an organisational form, clusters offer more flexibility to the industrial firms in the ever- changing industrial environment. In other words, the extent along with the nature of link between the customers, the suppliers and the competitors determine the various advantages of industrial cluster with respect to industrial structure. The emergence of industry clusters has made an exceptional mark as well as caused a significant variation in regional financial performance of the United States and Germany. Through the occurrence of pioneering clusters of the companies and industries such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry, the researchers observed that the above mentioned industrial units attained strong financial performance d ue to the presence of modernised clusters. Thus, it can be stated that during the emergence of industry clusters lie a significant as well as mention worthy effect upon attaining strong and well organised financial performance which is performed by the industrial units such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry. The industry clusters act as a source of local modernisation along with improvement towards geographic attention of various business organisations, industrial firms and related trade institutions that include standard agencies and trading organisations among others. ... rgement, the formation and the progression of industry clusters such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry are elaborately discussed. Supportive theories and evidences along with various prescribed policy recommendations regarding the emergence and impact of industry clusters will also be taken into concern in the discussion of this paper. Key Facts of the Industry Clusters There are various factors that are associated with industry clusters that encompass a favourable business situation which is an elementary requirement for activating industrial agglomeration (Klepper, 2009). The factors that include steady macroeconomic atmosphere, government institutional structure, enhanced legal system, and modernised technologies are regarded as a few of the encouraging factors for industrial clustering. The factors that include deficiency of low labour cost, trained labours and professionals, scarcity of advanced physical structu re such as roads, legalised actions and legislations and lack of improved logistics, production methods and innovative business operations eventually act as an obstacle towards industrial clustering (Klepper, 2009). Along with the encouraging factors, there also lie certain major elements that act as a crucial obstacle towards industrial clustering. It has been identified that the two most inspiring and remarkable industry clusters of the United States are especially the semiconductor industry in Silicon Valley and the automobile industry in Detroit (Klepper, 2009). In the early days of semiconductor industry i.e. 1950, Silicon Valley enjoyed maximum financial leverage due to the contribution of its semiconductor industry. However, in the next 30 years, nearly 100 semiconductor companies